Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expression of Cyclin D1 in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and to find association of expression of cyclin D1 with different histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design: It is a cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Oral squamous cell carcinoma samples were collected histopathology laboratory of Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad Karachi. Immunohistochemistry was performed in multiple disciplinary research laboratory of Ziauddin University, Karachi. The duration of study was from January 2021 to January 2022.

Methodology: The present study included taking biopsy samples from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Patients with history of other oral cavity tumors, patients with history of any other treatment of oral cancer were excluded from the study. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a total of 150 samples using anti cyclin D1 antibodies.

Results: A total of 150 samples were part of study. Expression of cyclin D1 was found to be present in 77.3% of cases where as 22.7% of cases did not show expression of cyclin D1. A statistically significant association was shown between different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma and intensity scoring (p value 0.004). Association between labelling index score for cyclin D1 and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma showed statistically significant p value (0.003). Association of total scores of cyclin D1 with different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma was also found to be statistically significant (p value 0.003).

Conclusion: The present study shows that oncogenic effects on cyclin D1 by mutations caused by oral squamous cell carcinoma can be detected by immunohistochemistry in the form of its overexpression. The association between overexpression of cyclin D1 and different histological grades can be utilize in predicting the oncogenic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma.