Psychoactive Substance Abuse among Secondary School Students in Tanzania: Exploring Perception and Understanding of Its Impact on Academic Achievement

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and understanding of the impact of drug and psychoactive substance abuse among Secondary School students Kilolo district of Iringa Tanzania. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to identify the commonly used psychoactive drug and substances; to explore students’ perceptions on psychoactive substance use; to examine students’ knowledge of the impact of psychoactive substance abuse on academic achievement; and to explore the strategies used in preventing use of drugs and substance abuse at Secondary School level. The study was guided by the Self-Medication Theory of Addiction. The theory that provides a valuable investigative and clinical paradigm to address the challenging issue of drug addiction. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-section descriptive design. Employing simple random sampling, a total sample of 400 respondents were drawn from five secondary schools of Kilolo district. The data were obtained through questionnaire-based survey. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The findings revealed that the commonly used psychoactive substances by secondary school students were alcohol, marijuana, snuff, and cigarettes. The students had the knowledge of drugs and substance abuse and perceive that they are not good for their academics and health. The study further unveiled that some students used the substances sparingly and while others used them on a daily basis. The findings showed that students had knowledge of the impact of psychoactive substance abuse on academic achievement. The findings also revealed that mechanism are in place at the school level to prevent drugs and psychoactive substance abuse. In view of the findings of this study it is recommended that families should be involved in the fight against use of drugs and psychoactive substances and provide counsel for the students. Schools should strive at encouraging positive peer relationships and networks among students who do not use psychoactive substances.