BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN Raphanus satives AFTER HEAVY METALS (COPPER & CADMIUM) EXPOSURE

Raphanus sativus was chosen for studying the toxic effect for two elements (cadmium & copper) on some biochemical & molecular characteristic, so cadmium concentration (0, 5, 10, 15) ppm were determined from Cd (NO3)2 in addition to control (D.W.) as triplicate for each concentration and Rafanus seed irrigate after implementation in fertilized soil for 60 days.

On the other hand, Copper concentration was (0, 10, 15, 25) ppm which previously prepared from (Cu(NO3)2) in addition to control group represented by D.W.

Regarding soil, pH, E.C., Nitrate, soil texture values were determined to detect the soil characteristics before and after agriculture.

The results have confirmed at the end of the experiment and from plant species analysis that copper concentration and cadmium concentration in irrigation water were lead to change in ROS, SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH-px, total protein, total sugar, proline, chlorophyll & moisture content in Raphanus.

Two elements concentration (Cu, Cd) were measured in shoot & Root system studied prepared concentrations with control group so the copper concentration in control group after Cu exposure was higher than other group and also the concentration in root system was the highest in comparison to shoot system.

Molecular Results showed these concentrations, which have no effect on DNA status i.e. that no damage to DNA in plant with concentration increasing and this compatible with no significance effect on als gene amplification and more amplified was in 15 mg/l for Cu & 10 mg/l for Cd.