Analysis of the Optimum Productivity and Genetic Diversity of Garlic Selections with White and Colored Skin in Egyptian, Eggaseed-1 and Sids- 40 Varieties

The primary goal of this research is to look into the performance and productivity, as well as the genetic diversity, of 18 garlic selections in 3 garlic genotypes (i.e., Eggaseed-1 cv., Sids- 40 cv. and Egyptian cv.) commonly found in the Egyptian market. In both seasons of the study, varieties with fewer cloves produced greater yields. Eggaseed-1 cv. and Sids-40 cv. produced between 9.7-11.9 ton/fed, while Egyptian cv. produced between 8.8-9.1 ton/fed (fresh yield). The genetic diversity of garlic varieties was demonstrated using simple sequence repeat markers (SSR), which were integrated with a post-labeling technique. For genetic characterization, 18 garlic selections and SSR markers with high polymorphism richness were studied. Ten markers amplified a total of 61 DNA fragments, with each marker amplifying an average of 6.1 fragments. With SSR data, genetic distances were calculated using the garlic selections, and the associations between selections were clearly illustrated using a dendrogram cluster analysis. The garlic varieties ' genetic similarity ratings ranged from 65.77 to 91.54 %. Eggaseed-1 and Sids-40 selections had the most genetic similarity (91.54 %), whereas Egyptian and Eggaseed-1 selections had the largest genetic dissimilarity. These findings enable the identification of two garlic-colored garlic selections in Eggaseed-1 cv. and Sids-40 cv., as well as their distinction from Egyptian cv. selections, which is classified as white garlic variety. Because garlic reproduces asexually, identifying the right genotype(s) is essential for obtaining high quality; in the meantime, the results can aid in selection in the breeding program and for commercial production.