Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions: A Recent Perspectives

Usually, the drugs that share the same metabolic route interact with each other, which represents a major issue in poultry farms that use anticoccidials as prophylactics, growth-promoting, or in treatment with any other administered therapeutic antimicrobials. This chapter aims to demonstrate an example of a pharmacokinetic medication interaction between anticoccidials and antibiotics when being used together to fight diseases and/or promote growth at the same time in poultry farms, which has been discussed previously in our published manuscript [10], where a total of 18 chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum were divided into 3 equal groups, group one was given tylvalosin only, group two was given tylvalosin and amprolium, and group three was given tylvalosin and toltrazuril.. Serum samples were collected at 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours from all groups and analysed by a microbiological antibiotic approach to quantify the concentrations of tylvalosin. Following that, the pharmacokinetic parameters of tylvalosin were calculated with PK Solver a Microsoft Excel add-in application, and statistically analysed with Student's t-test to demonstrate significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters in the three groups at three levels of significance (P< 0.05, P< 0.01 and P< 0.001). The results from our study have illustrated that the anticoccidial, when administered with the antibiotic, altered the pharmacokinetic parameters of the tylvalosin, which subsequently reduces the 24th-hour serum concentration of tylvalosin to a level lower than that which has been estimated as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for the used Mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.25 g/ml), so it is recommended to modify the dosing interval of the tylvalosin if it is given with the anticoccidial to be every twelve hours instead of every twenty-four hours when given solely.