Dualisms and Symmetries in Physical Exergy Property and Generalized Formulation Related to the Carnot and Joule Cycles

The aim of the present study is to propose a generalized formulation of physical exergy property for a system interacting with a generalized reservoir consisting of independent reservoirs at constant temperature and constant pressure respectively. Physical exergy components are thermal exergy and mechanical exergy representing contributions by useful work and useful heat as outcomes of the available energy related to a composite system-reservoir and converted by means of the Carnot and Joule cycles. The demonstration of this generalized formulation, as an additive and non-negative state property, utilizes the method constituted by the categories of dualism and symmetry adopted to prove that work depends on pressure as heat depends on temperature when a system interacts with independent isobaric reservoir and isothermal reservoirs.