Mapping of Potential Variation of Diabetes Amelioration Activity of Spondias mombin on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wister Rat Concerning the Availability of Phytochemical Constituents Based on Seasonal Contrast Phenomenon

Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death globally, and it is a disease that is progressing with deadly implications on a global scale. Furthermore, the treatment regimen is not affordable to all socioeconomic groups. As a result, scientists are working to develop cheaper, more effective phytochemical-based medications. Spondias mombin is a tree and flowering plant in the Anacardiaceae family that is commonly known as the “tapereba” or “caja” tree in Brazil. It is found in both the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon in upland and floodplain forest environments, and it is also present in inhabited areas, albeit in a sub-spontaneous state. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-diabetic properties of crude ethanol extracts of Spondias mombin obtained in three seasons of the year: following winter, summer, and the rainy season. The goal of this study is to determine which season of the year the plant under consideration has the most anti-diabetic action, change in body weight, and serum lipid profile. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed using a one-touch glucometer after administration of 500 mg/kg doses of the extracts from each seasonal extract at the following time intervals: 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 72h. The extract following the rainy season showed optimum anti-diabetic efficacy with a serum lipid profile at a dose of 500 mg/kg. However, the 500 mg/kg extract following winter and summer did not show any significant benefits in diabetes or serum lipid profiles. This study discovered that the anti-diabetic properties of Spondias mombin vary seasonally.