Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil and Their Remediation Techniques: A Review

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements with large atomic weights and densities that are at least five times greater than those of water. Their widespread dispersion in the environment as a result of their numerous agricultural, industrial, residential, medicinal, and technical applications has raised questions about their possible consequences on human health as well as environment. A broad review of heavy metal clean-up technologies is included in this paper. The following technologies are described together with the destiny of heavy metals: Bioremediation, stabilization/solidification, separation, and concentration are examples of in-situ and ex-situ technologies. electrokinetics, Soil flushing, barriers and treatment walls, treatment by chemical, soil amendments, and phytoremediation are examples of in-situ technologies. One of the ex-situ processes is soil cleaning.