The Evaluation of Prevalence and Hematological Parameters for Assessment of Severity of Coronavirus Infection

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of coronavirus (COVID-19 virus) infection on the basis of age, sex, clinical presentation and risk of ABO Blood Groups antigens with COVID-19 virus. We also highlight the Hematological Parameters such as neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio and thrombocytopenia to assess severity of COVID-19 viral infection.

Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted from May 2020 to May 2021 at rural and urban areas of District Shaheed Benazir Abad in the homes of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 viral infection where they were present in quarantine. A total of 351 patients with their ages ranging between 12 and 68 including 329 males and 21 females present in isolation within their homes with diagnosis of coronavirus infection were included in this study. The clinical features of the patients were noted, and 5 ml of blood was collected in an EDTA bottle from each patient for determination of blood group and complete blood account at the diagnostic and research pathology laboratory of PUMHS, Nawab Shah.

Results: The mean age of these patients was 40 ± 28 years while male to female ratio was 15.6:1. Out of the 351 patients, 169 (45.3%) were blood group A, 117 (33.8%) were blood group B, 50 (11.3%) were blood group AB and 26 (8.6%) were blood group O. The mean value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was found to be 4.7 ±1.7 while the mean value of platelets count was 210000 ± 95000/ mm3 in these patients.

Conclusion: We concluded that the ratio of coronavirus infection among the patients with Blood Group A was higher than the B, AB and O. However, the study revealed a significantly higher proportion of AB+ male patients as compared to females who were infected with COVID-19.